In 1997, by implementing the Third Liberalisation Package, the European Union was able to harmonize the regulatory framework affecting air transport. From there, in order to safeguard fair competition, a new concept of achieving convergence of regulatory regimes between EU and non-EU States has emerged. In this article, Richard Smithies examines this regulatory convergence by exploring the geographic expansion of the groups of states which are applying Community aviation law; the changes that are required to bring existing bilateral air services agreements in line with Community law; and the use of global aviation agreements with non-EU states. In addition, the article reviews the EU regulations that can be applied to the operations of non-EU carriers. Such regulated areas include safety and security, passenger protection, environmental protection, commercial issues, and insurance issues.