5. [Greek New Testament, with Latin translation]. Novum instrumentum omne. Edited, translated, and annotated by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam. Basel: Johann Froben, March 1516.

Edited by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (c. 1466–1536), this first edition of the Greek New Testament was compiled primarily from late Byzantine manuscripts. The text also presented Erasmus’s new Latin translation, a direct challenge to the supremacy of St. Jerome’s fourth-century Latin Vulgate. In four subsequent editions published between 1519 and 1535, Erasmus corrected many misprints, improved his translation, and increased the number and extent of his annotations. Martin Luther utilized the landmark scholarship of Erasmus in his German translation of the New Testament in 1522.